Harnessing material properties at the micro- and nanoscale enables innovation in engineering devices, systems, and applications.
At the micro- and nanometer scale, materials behave differently from their bulk form, with quantum effects emerging as dimensions shrink.
Changes in material properties occur when external dimensions approach internal length scales like grain size, dislocation curvature, or mean free paths.
Quantum mechanical effects arise when particles like electrons or photons are confined to dimensions comparable to their wavelength.
Micro- and nanotechnologies enable innovations like quantum dots for bright displays, nano-magnets for data storage, solid-state batteries for electric vehicles, and sensors for air quality monitoring.